Just walk

The benefits of walking for several health outcomes is well known. The evidence is in favor of 7000 steps per day as a reasonable baseline. Some outcomes improve further if we walk even more steps, but not all. Probably, the effects of being accompanied while walking will enhance outcomes as well. Every summer the step threshold may be pushed a little bit further. Goal setting can help along to overcome eventual barriers to leave the home later in the evening. Nature rewards us with changing daylight and seasonal changes. We just have to get started to reap those health benefits.

Scienceploitation

Science can be exploited to make unjustified profits from referring incorrectly to it. Social sciences, like economics may be used by banks to sell you products that refer to science only as part of their arguments if the science based inference fits their purpose. Scienceploitation is very common in the field of para-medicine and para-pharmaceutical products. Health promises sell. The time until an ineffective treatment reveals the unrealistic promise to be unachievable considerable profits have accumulated on the side of the selling company. Science has a hard time to counter the perils of scienceploitation. Advanced knowledge can be used and abused as any other method of convincing people to buy or subscribe to a product. The responsibility of the scientific community consists also in finding ever new ways to counter scienceploitation. AI will pose additional challenges as well as opportunities.  

Global warming

The annual update of the global warming indicators (source: Earth system science data 2025-6) gives more reasons to worry about the future of our climate. The objective to limit global warming to +1.5°C, established at the Paris climate agreement in 2015, is no longer achievable. This is the hard evidence based on the global network of scientific data collections and their projections. Fossil fuels are a major cause, deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions as well (Forster et al. 2025). As a consequence, human-induced warming of average surface temperatures and flows of heat into oceans continue. The first consequences, we witness in many parts of the world already. France is particularly affected (Le Monde 2025-6-20, p.7). What used to be called “natural disasters” is better described as long-term consequences of human-induced global changes like global warming. About time to take our CO2 footprint even more seriously. The “All electric society” can reduce reliance on fossil fuels considerably, as of now.

Spring Newborn

For many species spring is the time for newborns to enter into life. Pigeons in the neighborhood have completed the breeding phase and they called upon the newborn to crack the shell open. Nourishment is already abundant in the surroundings and parents appear to be impatient to quit the guarding of their offsprings. Time for the next generation to take over a similar role soon.
Pigeons don’t ask questions about fertility. They reproduce in abundance if the environmental conditions are alright.
Human beings are a danger for them as some feed them well, but others defend their territory, housing or living space against any intrusion by pigeons. Compromises are not easy to accomplish.
Fans of the song writer Georg Kreissler keep humming with dark humor: „Geh‘n wir Tauben vergiften im Park …“. The struggle for survival of species has changed in kind and we are, more than ever, responsible for the living conditions of other species as well.

Beyond ART

Is there anything beyond art? Well, maybe there is. ART in German language is an abbreviation of “Allgemeine RelativitätsTheorie”. In other words the General theory of relativity developed by Albert Einstein is in its shortest form a one line mathematical expression, but with lots of equations included in the general statement, which grew out of his much earlier special theory of relativity. The textbook by Michael Ruhrländer provides a step by step approach to get to grips with the mathematics involved to reach a better understanding of what “ART” is about. Take your time to digest it and brush up a lot of maths beyond your A-level maths.
The abbreviation ART suggests a lint to art in popular understanding. Indeed, it needs able artists to show insights of ART to more people than the restricted scientific circles. An understanding of a 4-dimensional system of time-space has some more accessible features than waves of gravitation and the many puzzles that can be solved through ART.
Decades later quantification has build upon ART and takes us further into fabulous world of mathematical and physical imagination as well as real world applications.

Not learning

For decades our attention has been focused on how learning works. However, at the beginning of 2025 it might be more important to shift our focus of learning research on “not learning”. Recent research on learning includes the study of “social learning” of mice (Winiarski et al. 2025) and the related brain mechanisms that are involved in social learning like the prelimbic cortex.
For our human societies we also rely to a great deal on social learning. In mice, however, the disruption of the prelimbic cortex causes mice to no longer seek “social information related to rewards” from other mice. In Eco-HAB cages these mice follow their scent capabilities to “sort” their information seeking from for example higher “social status animals”. This tested reward seeking behavior allows clues to how learning works. The intervention to disrupt the synaptic plasticity in a later phase of the experiment reveals less social learning from the network social information and fewer contributions to the social network.
Only intact neural plasticity in the prelimbic cortex ensures the maintaining of the social structure. Of course it is highly questionable, whether these results based on animal experiments tell us anything about social structure and social learning in other mammals, but there might be reasons to search for explanations of “no social learning” in humans as well.

Animal Longevity

  1. From time to time it is interesting to study animals from many species to maybe learn from them about longevity. Roberto Salguero-Gómez (LINK) developed a sociality continuum and compared 152 species across 13 taxonomic classes. The study reiterates and generalizes the many studies of single species and finds that „more social species live longer, have more generation time and longer reproductive windows“.  Social structures amongst animals of the same species influence survival and reproduction as basic demographic processes. These processes determine to a large extent the size of animal populations. Sociality appears to be a major contributor to longevity compared across species. These processes determine the survival of rather solitary species like panda bears (running higher risks of extinction) compared to populations of bees with rather hierarchical predefined social structures. The spotted hyenas developed cooperative hunting and communal care which allows for effective survival compared to other species. Sociality is specific to species and therefore largely determined by genetic factors. Nature rather than nurture is at work. However, species where reproduction occurs later allow for learning curves of sociality. In other words even within species there is scope to improve longevity through sociality. Migration patterns or experience with migration might be yet another determinant of survival or longevity as climate change poses new challenges to many species.

Chinny Trait

In evolutionary biology there is still a discussion about the functional explanation of why humanoids developed a chin. A recent paper by Meyer-Rochow adds a new functional explanation for the evolution of the chin to the literature. Across cultures and sufficiently distant populations of humans, similar patterns of the use of the chin have been observed. In comparison to other species under the superfamily “Hominoidea”, our bites are only of minor strength and apes, Orang Utans have not developed a chin quite like us, homo sapiens. Origins of the chin as “weapon” in fighting and broader social selectivity remain hypotheses without sufficient proof of evidence.
In addition to the functional explanations of easier “mastication” or formation of words, chins might serve as an additional part of the body to hold items to the chest. This function, of holding tools or stuff could have been an advantage for our ancestors and became a favoured trait. During the pandemic our chins became a supporting or hindering reason in the struggle to wear masks for extended periods of time (see image below).
Nowadays, we ask ourselves about the social selectivity into becoming a violin player with this important function of the jaw and chin to hold the instrument. A rival hypothesis is, of course, that holding things with our mouth, like needles or screws, in sewing or handicrafts could eventually make the chin disappear. The bipedalism of hominids, freed our hands for other tasks and the evolution of a chin could similarly reinforce the efficient use of our hands.
Novel use cases for the chin, like holding your smartphone while typing on a keyboard or while opening doors, might enhance the chinny trait of hominids.
Over hundred of thousands of years the interaction of the bio->psycho->social (BPS) spheres of life may have interesting traits for us down (or up) the evolutionary line.
(Image: European parliament, Brussels 2020-7-23 address by Ursula von der Leyen in “masked assembly”).

On Organics

Organics are the new hype. Organics are everywhere. It is true in organic chemistry, biochemistry or pharmaceutical biochemistry we start from organic compounds as the basis for various forms of classification systems, structures and reaction chains. A search for organics brings you to Organic Farming and to lots of other applications of organic production as well as organic design.
The extended definitions highlight the foundation in biology and chemistry to then include any processes which integrate cyclical reproduction or resources and conservation of biodiversity. Based on the plurality of forms and connectivity of organic compounds this leads to a vast and diversified basis of carbon- and hydrogen-based life on earth. The ensuing complexity (variety of species) has been the basis for mankind to come into being. It is likely to determine also our survival in the long run. Organics is based on open as well as closed forms and therefore has an encompassing nature. Depending on time and space constellations (temporality) evolution has taken one or the other path. We are certainly not at the end of this evolution, although we through the loss of biodiversity we narrow down new potentials in an unprecedented way. Rethinking life on earth from a cell-based perspective of plastics and chloroplasts is a challenge, but it will lead us on towards the “organic turn” in the 21st century.

Nature Spectrum

When it comes to colors, nature has shown us the way forward for a long time. Before mankind „invented“ bionics, nature had opened up the full spectrum of colors. It took us thousands of years to understand how to recreate the colors of something technically rather simple like the rainbow. The colors continue to impress us independent of our cultural background. More interesting than, maybe the Atomium in Brussels, is the almost daily reproduction of a rainbow in a park in Brussels (park Bois de la Cambre). All it needs is a sunny day, water fountains and the right angle of observation. It is magic, but still simple science. Enjoy.