Category: Social Science

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Home Cloud

Our homes have entered the process of virtualization. Not only our collections of photographs, videos of and from family and friends have been stored on cloud servers and services for some time. Homework and school materials are distributed from clouds and the size of such collections quickly reach levels beyond any hand held devices. Hence, the home cloud or your private cloud will be the next option to think about. The safe storage of information, which is intended to be shared amongst many persons, or just private backup solutions find their home on your private cloud. The technology is available at moderate costs, but allows additional safety and flexibility. Your digital home is available wherever you are. No need to carry around with you physical backup devices. Just like for keys, you have to manage access rights to the data and take care of basic security features. It is a bit like running a small enterprise. You have to make sure that users of your home cloud apply basic internet security standards like safe passwords, for example. Similar to the storage in a basement from time to time clearing out duplicates or forgotten items may help to preserve sufficient transparency of what is stored. However, digital tools may help with that task as well. We may enjoy a stroll outside and watch the clouds pass by knowing that our data are fairly safe in their very own home cloud.

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Home Energy

Energy production and consumption in a home are determined by many factors. The number of persons in a household has, of course, a considerable impact on consumption patterns. The investment in home energy production can cover the basics, but is less likely to cover peaks of consumption like friends on a visit wanting to charge their electric vehicle.
In a test with a simple small scale solar panel (fixed on a balcony for example with 860W peak) it was possible to produce a full days consumption on a sunny summer day for a 1-2 person household without use of electricity for personal mobility, but hot water through heat pump provision. The potential for an own production of electricity during summer months is within reach without major behavioral changes.
Okay, digital steering of energy consumption for hot water during hours of bright sunshine and washing machine around high noon are not for everybody to program or carry through.
Digital tools complement the energy consumption at the right time. There is a lot of power in sunshine. The usual caveats of bad weather and winter months change the calculations. The return on investment or break even point needs 300 days of about 2 kWh to recover the 500€ initial costs of the solar panels. After about 3 years the initial costs are recovered and savings begin to accrue. The bridge between energy theory and practical applications is to be found in experimental setups and tests of different scenarios for the modern “prosumer” of the 21st century.

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Energetic Architecture

The link between energy and architecture is all to obvious. For at least a century we believed that energy had to serve architecture and could be relegated to second place. With global warming the overriding importance sits with energy concerns for some years to come. We spend billions to repair the bad architectural and fast growth architecture of the post 2WW era of architecture, especially the construction boom of the 60s and 70s. The driver of change in architecture has moved from the period of social architecture (60s, 70s) to energetic architecture. Energy in architecture has multiple dimensions. Whereas a century ago the shift consisted in the installation of central heating systems in the northern hemisphere of the globe at scale, in the 21st century the concern there shifts to isolation from heat (and cold) to more efficient, less polluting energy provision. Cooling houses and office spaces during extended periods and higher peeks of heat, ask for substantial revisions of existent architecture and the next generation of energetic architecture. Before long, we shall also think more seriously about the handling of water in architecture, a topic which is closely linked to energy consumption and design.
From a sociological point of view we are used to ask questions of social inequality related to this issue as well. We are on the way to move into a society of energy-rich versus energy poor households and enterprises. Financing of adaptations of housing and offices to the energetic challenges is likely to create severe additional inequalities, which exacerbate the already existing ones. If you have no money to spare, you will be unable to invest into energy savings with more distant returns on investment (ROI). At older age you are less resistant to heat waves and causes health disadvantages. If previous investments were impossible or the urgency for energetic architecture was neglected for too long, additional health inequalities shall arise.
The “Deutsches Architekturmuseum” has built an exhibition around this theme, which widens the perspective of architecture and energy. This highlights the additional concern for energetic architecture and people living or working in (modern) architecture.
(Image Trier Roman arena 2025)

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Global warming

The annual update of the global warming indicators (source: Earth system science data 2025-6) gives more reasons to worry about the future of our climate. The objective to limit global warming to +1.5°C, established at the Paris climate agreement in 2015, is no longer achievable. This is the hard evidence based on the global network of scientific data collections and their projections. Fossil fuels are a major cause, deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions as well (Forster et al. 2025). As a consequence, human-induced warming of average surface temperatures and flows of heat into oceans continue. The first consequences, we witness in many parts of the world already. France is particularly affected (Le Monde 2025-6-20, p.7). What used to be called “natural disasters” is better described as long-term consequences of human-induced global changes like global warming. About time to take our CO2 footprint even more seriously. The “All electric society” can reduce reliance on fossil fuels considerably, as of now.

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Fertility Fecundity

The scientific debate around changes in fertility has focused on social, economic and cultural factors to explain the drop in total fertility rates in OECD countries. The baby boom years of the 1950s and early 1960s had come to an end following the spread of new forms of birth control like contraception from the late 1960s onwards. The trend is very obvious and yet, the explanations of the trend might lack a more profound analysis of fecundity in addition to the socio-economic explanations. Shakkebaek et al. (2025) point for example to the little known effects of environmental (pollution) factors on the biological reproduction capability of humans (men and women).
Additionally, psycho-social factors like “the German Angst” fear about future developments in many social and economic fields might have direct effects, but also indirect effects on human biology. We know still very little about such feedback loops or feedback effects. We are more convinced, than we actually have hard evidence, that the BSP, SPB or PSB (B=Bio, S=Social, P=Psycho) spheres are interwoven, but an ambitious research agenda is called for to enlighten the issue. The big invisible elephant in the room might be environmental issues that enter into the fertility equations more than we have expected for many years. A nice working hypothesis for an ambitious and overdue research agenda.

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Real dad-ication

The last few years there has been a stronger recognition of the need to get fathers more involved in caring for children. In the USA the #dadication became a symbol and an annual campaign to raise awareness to the importance of fathers to get involved in addition to mothers. The combination of fatherhood and dedication was shortened into “dadication” to reflect the combination of both elements that we not always considered to a natural part of fatherhood. It is a win-win-win situation as fathers gain emotional strength, children learn about parental styles and mothers get some relief from at times overwhelming family care.
In literature we have some great examples of caring or neglecting fathers. Famous are the letters to his father by Franz Kafka. Historically, fathers have often thought their role solely as ensuring a social status for their children, but nowadays the role patterns is much broader and much more emotional or psychological as well. As there are more “dadication” role models around, the song “Papa où te” (Dad, where are you?) will still be popular, but with more reassurance that children or adolescents have vivid memories of time spent together.

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Home cooling

In the summer months, in Europe, the concern shifts from heating your home to cooling your home. For generations this has been possible without use of air conditioning. A natural way of cooling has been for centuries to dig into earth to take advantage of the rather stable and cool temperatures underground. In home building this has also been a tradition for centuries to build cellars underneath a home.
Wine growing regions have used the cellar as a natural cooling facility for long and short term storage of wine. Digging into a mountain of a valley offered a natural cool storage solution for years without additional energy consumption. Modern buildings should return to this practice and gain cold from below the surface to cool buildings in the warm or hot seasons. Good isolation combined with the cool temperatures from below the surface in summer months will substantially save energy and thereby CO2 emissions. Circulation of the cool air from below to the upper floors is the issue as well as dealing with differential humidity levels. The wisdom of previous generations in home building with no access to air conditioning (avoiding the air conditioning paradox) is likely to experience a revival in the coming years.
Coolness is the new and old wisdom.

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Warming continues

The global warming continues to change our landscapes. Heat waves, droughts and flooding become more often. Average temperatures keep rising. The evidence from meteorological data is showing this beyond doubt. Our forest take the toll and reports document the worsening situation for many trees (Germany and Switzerland). An adaptation will take years if not decades. In the region around Paris some home owners have started or been forced to adapt their gardens to the warming weather conditions. Trees that do not support the consequences of warming die and we witness the changing of the landscape. Palm trees near Paris have survive for years by now near Paris and can grow rather tall.
Like it or not, the visual landscape will change despite the many great initiatives launched by the city of Paris to stop the warming of the city.

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Erik Satie Satisfied

The collection of letters from Erik Satie contains more than 1000 letters amongst them some in exchange with the best artists of his time. The range is largely due to the circle of artists who met at Montmartre in Paris before and during the Great War. We discover letters to Maurice Ravel, Claude Debussy, Pablo Picasso or Henri Matisse. For some artists there are 100+ letters preserved like to Jean Cocteau. In the 1920s he composed music for shows at Montmartre, where the scenario was painted by Pablo Picasso and costumes designed by Coco Chanel. The sculpture by Brancusi must have been familiar to him, just as much as the cubist paintings by Georges Braques, as there are also letters or references to such letters in the impressive 1000+ pages collection. Like Ravel he was rejected by the Conservatoire de Musique de Paris in his early days as student. Montmartre allowed to live and create at the same time while living on a minimal budget. Erik Satie signed his letters with ES. In German this denotes a “neutrum”, maybe, beyond male or female differentiation, but also a tonality in music (E flat). There is no trace that this was a conscious choice. It is just another unresolved puzzle about the self-declared “Gymnopédiste” and composer of the “Parade” and the popular piano music the “Gnossienne”. 100 years after his death on 1925-7-1 he (ES) could be rather satisfied with his impact on the course of music in the 20th century and beyond.

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Musician Historian

Musicians are usually perceived as “part of history” rather than being historians themselves. However, recent research on Bob Dylan has extended that view to portray Dylan in his role as historian as well. The issue here is more with the historical periods and references the musician, composer and song writer builds on and interprets historical events. Thereby, his thoughts and impressions on living through historical events enter into his work as an artist. Dylan is literally “doing history”. He puts events of past and present into perspective of his own making and reached authority through the non-conformist perspective, which connected him to as a performer to his various audiences. His approach to doing history consists in the re-presentation and re-creation of historical narratives. Nina Goss (2024) in her book review highlights the “irruptions of the past into the present unique in popular culture”. The re-arrangement of fact and fiction encourages us “to inhabit, question, and revise historical narratives and tropes” (p.399). Several musicians have specific ways of reflecting, sometimes critically, on history in their artistic work. Bob Dylan certainly is a very prominent example of this an has been honoured for this by the Nobel Prize for literature. It remains an interesting perspective to review composers and their choice of libretti for operas as a way of doing history. The shifts from royal drama to revolutions and popular scenes are in this line of interpreting musicians also as historians.