This choice is no surprise, or is it? Who is longing the most for freedom? People in the so-called Western world are reported to score highest in the rankings of achieved levels of freedom. However, the longing for freedom often seems the strongest in countries, or regions within a country, where elements of freedom are restricted. Then fighting for freedom becomes an intense struggle, sometimes leading to outright war or fighting back like in Ukraine. Beyond the negative freedom (free from capital punishment) there is the positive freedom to express yourself freely. Both perspectives on freedom are crucial. Being free from prosecution is often only a first step towards the goal of being free to live your way of life as you feel it. It has always been a political struggle and will remain one today as well as in future. Less consensus reigns on the topic to what extent economic freedom is a constituent part of the term freedom. Far-reaching economic inequality within societies frequently limit persons at the bottom of the distribution to fully participate in society and excercise many components of freedom like decent food, housing, health and health care. All this remains the biggest challenge for humanity for years to come. We shall need a lot more heros in the name of freedom like the famous Nobel prize winners. Fighting for freedom in a peaceful way is probably the biggest challenge for humanity also in the 21 century. 
E for Enterprise
There is a new start-up scene in development in Germany. Interesting to witness the new entrepreneurial spirit. Many of the youngsters grow out of their peer community, wanting to try new ways of working and living together. The new bottom-up or grassroots form of growing a business out of a subculture seems to be an adequate response to the growing diversity of societies and easier ways of community building through online social media. Name it “reach” today, it is similar to what you previously called having a customer base. The new element refers to a blending of cultures. Learning through being online connected to the world, yes, the whole world, allows wide-spread influences from other sub-cultures, be they American, Asian or African. The young are open-minded to new stimuli like “Ikigai” from Japan and, of course, the life histories of founders and individual biographies from entrepreneurs like the legend of Steve Jobs, Apple’s legendary founder. Imagineering has become part of the movie-influenced influencers. Short clips out of a longer story build communities. The witty comment, like at school, gets more attention than the long boring story of the preacher, teacher or the mansplainer. The experience of “flow” is all around these communities and this creates the specific magic of the start-up scene. They take each other to new levels, mutually, reinforcing their preferences and life-styles. They are well aware of the risks they are taking. “Keinhorn” German short for “not an Einhorn”, the one billion value threshold for super successful enterprises taught them crucial lessons. The “ecology of organisations” which I referred to in my courses at the now renamed “Constructor University” previously “International University Bremen”, then “Jacobs University”, (let’s see what comes next?) is an important complementary research tradition to assess the “survival” of enterprises. I still recommend this University, which I quit to start new endeavors. It carries in its several 
“names” the important message:
start, fail, change, (repeat). 
D for Democracy
Stand up for Democracy. Give me a D. Yes, we are passionate for democracy. Even if we are not singing Beethoven‘s “Ode an die Freude” every day, we are well aware that we have to defend democracy at numerous places. The essay in the New Yorker by Jill Lepore from January 2020 on the manifold risks to democracy and the way forward is a great inspiration. Democracy is always a “work in progress”. It improves and in most cases rises with the challenges. However, this demands to stay alert and wither the beginnings of threats to its functioning. Beyond the external threats, internal threats to democratic values are abound. The discursive element that is highlighted in the essay remains crucial. Debating in public is key. Transparency of arguments, reasoning and values are constituent parts of democracy. Clandestine ways of corruption, bribery and threatening of violence become apparent when fractions of society retreat from the public to form insider groups. Defenders of democracy need to speak out in public, publish they work, expose and perform their arts, challenge school curricula and be active in any policy field. This is a lot to do, but we have to prevail and rise to the continuous challenges to the democratic way of life. Too many dictators and autocrats around the world would like to see democracy fail. Worse, they work actively, like in “Qatargate” in November 2022 in Brussels to spread illicit practices of corruption. We have to strengthen our “antennas” and sensors to detect such practices. Prevention is key. Tough reactions with the force of the legal system to stop the spreading is also indicated. Let’s rise to the challenge, again and again with the latest technology. 
C for Corruption
After the association of C with crises of corona, climate, consumption and the church we have to come back to one of the original links: corruption. Beyond the work of describing and analysing corruption from the time of the Roman empire to the Americas of today (Link) by Thomas Strunck, the re-reading of Niccoló Machiavelli is recommended by a number of scholars (in latin here). Also, in Asia the work and writings of Niccoló have been rediscovered (Link). “non creando in veritá le cuose nove”. It needs “una ferma experienza”. As people don’t just believe in the truth of new reasons, a firm experience of them is needed. New princes cannot just pray, they have to install a new vision or belief with force (p.25) by literally forcing persons (forzare) or “fare … credere par forza” stated in Chapter 6 of THE PRINCE. If we just complement the term force by force of persuasion, or money as surrogate for both, the writing of Niccoló speaks directly to corruption in our times. History does not repeat itself. However, the history of ideas still teaches “some dogs old tricks” until they are found out by investigative journalism and an independent judiciary, which both did not exit at Niccoló’s time. (inspired by Chaudhuri, S. & Chakravarty, P. (2022) Machiavelli Then and Now: History, Politics, Literature. Cambridge University Press.) 
Human Rights
It is 10 years after the publication of a Ph.D. thesis on “Corruption: a violation of human rights and a crime under international law?” by Martine Boersma that at the top level of the European Parliament and the International Trade Union Congress the smell of corruption is investigated by police and judges. Following “Qatargate” (Radio France Link) this means that the persons accused of corruption, forming a criminal group and money laundering have changed their lobbying in return for accepting cash. Exploitation of workers and more than 100 deaths in Qatar was the result, due to the heat when building the stadiums for the Football World Cup which took place in 2022. Following the recommendations of Boersma corruption in this respect can be interpreted as these persons contributing to and being guilty of abusing their political positions to silence criticism and whistle-blowers, and the right for defendants to a fair trial for example. The advocacy to counter corruption with developing international human rights legislation and persecution in this respect is dearly needed now. “This line of reasoning transforms a corrupt act into a possible starting point for legal action, be it at the national level, …, or at the international level by submitting a complaint to a regional or global human rights monitoring body.” (Boersma, 2012 p.376) The International Criminal Court or “alternative such as the establishment of a permanent anti-corruption court, or anti-corruption commission to monitor compliance with the UN Convention Against Corruption should be kept in mind, as well as the possibility of setting up ad hoc anti-corruption tribunals” (p.380). Not much to add to this, act now, before the practice spreads.
Francesco Merloni wrote in his book (2019, p.132) on corruption with Italy in comparative perspective: “when corruption is defined in its wider meaning of maladministration, we are looking at a mass phenomenon which is “sub-criminal”, yet nonetheless with strongly negative implications for the efficiency and effectiveness of public administration and democracy in general.” The practice of excessive salaries of the Italian parliament (p.131) is mentioned in the list of case histories of corruption just like the international event of the EXPO 2015 in Milano with huge construction projects (LeMonde on Panzeri l’ex-eurodéputé). Learning from case studies is best practice in many business schools and probably beyond. Finally, attention should be drawn to prevention of corruption. Here the reading of Corruption and Anti-corruption by Larmour and Wolanin (2001, p.235) offers good advice. The micro-economics of corruption (pp. 119) states for example that “If expected penalties are sufficiently high, bribery is deterred” (p.126). Equally the real threat of a full and explicit audit of operations, promotions and financial transactions might deter corrupt activities. Most importantly the authors state, “the social networks approach to corruption allows the corruption investigator to conceptualise the operation of corrupt networks in terms of power flows and relationships rather than the attributes of actors. The question to be asked by the corruption investigator is not whether actor A is corrupt. The question should be, what is the relationship between actor A and other potentially corrupt actors in the network.” Re-reading some classics of sociology like Max Weber on bureaucracy, but also James Coleman’s foundation of social theory provide basics for understanding social interaction when things go fundamentally in the wrong direction. We might even need to use artificial intelligence to detect corruptive practices to shield and support the trade union movement. 
State of the Union
“The times they are a changing”. Currently, we witness that democracies are at multiple risks. One existential threat is, of course, war of external origin. Democracies have been perceived as often to slow to mobilize military forces sufficient to resist “Blitzkrieg”. What Nazi-Germany applied successful at the beginning took a long time and millions of dead persons to rectify. Similarly, the threat to Ukraine’s independence and liberal aspirations are threatened by Russian imperialism. The other existential threat is that of “the enemy within”. This is the conclusion by Canova (2011, p.213) when he writes on “democracy’s disappearing duties”. Whereas he has primarily in mind, that citizens need to participate more actively in the duties to democracy’s survival. These are “the duty to become informed and to vote, as well as rights and duties related to civic and/or military duties. The discussion, whether we need an army of the many or an army of specialists has shifted largely in favour of the need for specialists, simply think of cyber or drone war technology. However, the threat of the enemies from within becomes clear if we remember terrorist attacks targeted at democracies practice of free movement, free speech or art. Another centuries-old threat has come to our attention again. Corruption. The slow-motion erosion of democracies is hard to fight against as it operates not with visible tanks and weapons, but with clandestine and psychological ways of slow corrosion of organisations and institutions. Combatting corruption is even more tricky in cross-country settings like the European Union. Reference to cultural practices and exclusive or inner circles as cultural exceptionalism make it hard to introduce non-discriminatory monitoring and controlling mechanisms in democracies. Only a well-equipped security, police and judicial system can stem the risk to democracies from corruption and organized crime. It is not only a matter of state responsibility, but our democracies rely on an alert public to stand up continually for our basic values. Just singing the national and European anthem is not enough, fighting corruption is laboursome and cumbersome, particularly as corrupt circles do not refrain from using brute force and weapons (Reichsbürger, Mafia, etc.). Addressing inner and outer enemies at the same time remains high on the agenda for the surviving and thriving of democracies. The foundation ideas of the European Union were constructed by Monnet and Schuman on a sustainable democracy. Let’s not endanger this through a sluggish response on corruption.
inspired by Canova, T.A. 2011: Democracy’s disappearing duties. In: Democratic Citizenship and War. Peled, V. et al. (eds.) pp. 199-216.
Corruption
There is an extensive literature on corruption in the social sciences. However, the evil practice continues to ruin personal lifes, institutions and countries. Psychologists put corrupt persons in the psychopath life trajectory (Link) or explain corruption as result of the triad of personality traits for persons scoring high on not only psychopathy, but also on narcissism as well as Machiavellianism (Link). Some important lessons derive from a fast reading of the scientific literature. (1) Corruption develops over a period of time. The creed for ever more power seems a strong driving force. (2) Some personality traits are more likely to deteriorate into corruptive behavior and (3) institutions need to monitor carefully leadership practices and guard against abuses of power already at small instances like threatening with violence or dismissal. (4) Countries can do a lot to limit corruption through adequate legal systems, most notably through a truely independent judiciary as well as the need of investigative journalism to accompany potentially illicit behavior. All this comes at a cost, but without it democracies are at high risk. The European Union has to strengthen its defences in this respect to remain a credible institution, just as much as a great number of Member States. Not only the World Bank or OECD need to be monitoring countries, but we all need to be better equiped to read the early signs of corruption. Whistle blowing and the protection of these persons is part of an effective anti-corruption system. Early signs of “nepotism” and “favoring of friends” in the workplace are easy to identify, but taking measures against it, needs firm committment on the part of advisory boards, colleagues at work or other interested parties like stakeholders or investors in case of private firms (wirecard) . (Link to NZZ). 
Du sollst mehr lesen
In unseren hektischen Zeiten, kommt so ein Aufruf immer passend. Statt Reisen kann ja auch online erkundet werden. Alles bildet, heute multimedial versteht sich. Dennoch lässt es sich wunderbar statt im stillen, heute kalten, Kämmerlein in öffentlichen Bibliotheken stöbern oder recherchieren. Die Bibliothèque nationale de France hat dazu eine alte gute Stube renoviert und richtig herausgeputzt. Die Kathedralen der Moderne in Stockholm, Brüssel mal flämisch, mal frankophon setzen auch bereits auf Zugänglichkeit für alle. Das Konzept war bereits in Paris in den aufgestellten Büchern, der Bibliothekstürme der BnF präsent. Begehbare Bücher samt Garten, Ausstellungen und Treffpunkten ziehen viele Besuchenden an. Mit dem historischen Standort Richelieu im Zentrum von Paris nahe Chatelet ist eine neue Dimension entstanden. Ob es gelingen wird, Touristen zu Lesenden und zu Lernenden weiter zu entwickeln, bleibt eine wichtige Frage für das Überleben unserer Kulturen und Demokratien. Neben der zur Schaustellung von Büchern gibt es auch Zugang zu neuen Medien und ein Set für virtuelle Realitäten zu Ausstellungen moderner Künstler seit dem Impressionismus. Die Verknüpfung von Kunst-, Geistes- und Architekturgeschichte mit aktuellem Design (neue Designerstühle) ist gelungen, Probesitzen eingeschlossen. So erschließen sich neue Traumwelten und harte Realitäten in einem Zug.
Sparen na klar
Die Apelle zum Sparen von Gas wirken. Das zeigt die Statistik der Bundesnetzagentur. Der Verbrauch im außergewöhnlich kühlen September war noch auf der Durschnittslinie der Verbräuche vorheriger Jahre, aber der sehr warme Oktober (LeMonde 29.10.22 berichtet bereits von 6° über dem Mittel in Frankreich) hat uns zu einer deutlich geringeren Verbrauchszahl für Gas für Haushalte und Unternehmen kommen lassen. Entsprechend purzeln die Gaspreise (TTF in Amsterdam). Mal sehen, ob das bei den Verbrauchenden auch ankommen wird. “Sparen, kann ich”. Das könnte das Motto des Winters werden. Manche Verhaltensänderungen reagieren nicht nur auf Preissignale, wie der Mainstreamökonom uns gerne glauben lässt, sondern eben auch auf Apelle. Okay, ich bekenne mich dazu. Bei mir ist der Waschlappen und warme Pullover auch wieder aus den tiefen des Kleiderschranks hervorgekommen. Sparen für die Freiheit ist doch ein edles Ziel. Mal sehen wie lange wir alle das Durchhalten werden. Zur Motivtion lässt sich der Gasverbrauch in D bei der Bundesnetzagentur aktualisieren. Der deutsche Wetterdienst sammelt die Daten für Durchschnittstemperaturen. Der Oktober war ca 3° wärmer als längerfristige Durchschnitt. 
Lange Schatten
Bestimmte Ereignisse im Leben von Menschen werfen lange Schatten. Das ist ein viel beforschtes Thema (z.B. critical life events research). Einen frischen Blickwinkel aus autobiografischer Perspektive ergänzt Andreas Fischer mit seiner autobiografischen Erzählung “Die Königin von Troisdorf“. Er steht buchstäblich im langen Schatten seiner Großeltern, Eltern, Tanten und Onkeln. Mit viel Details widmet sich der Autor den Nachwirkungen von Kriegserfahrungen seiner Familie, hauptsächlich denen des 2. Weltkriegs auf die Psyche. Das Schweigen zu den oft traumatisierenden Kriegserfahrungen schafft neuerliche Barrieren, die in die Gegenwart fortwirken. Verbindugen zwischen den Generationen lassen sich erzählerisch gut darstellen, insbesondere das Sich-ineinander-verschränkende der Beziehungen und Erfahrungen. Dabei gibt es Kernschatten und Halbschatten, aber selten klares Licht auf Geschehnisse. Einzig die langen Nachwirkungen werden offensichtlich. Dabei könnte anstelle des Schweigens der Generationen zu den eigenen Erfahrungen und denen der (Groß-)Eltern durch Berichten im Familienzusammenhang vorzüglich als Lernkontext für alle und nachkommende Generationen dienen. Nach den vielfach gescheiterten Aufklärungsversuchen der 68er- Generation, hatte sich eine neuerliche Schweigewelle ausgebreitet, die erneut zu brökeln scheint (vgl. Henri-Nannen, vielfach Straßennamenänderungen). Bis zur Kriegswende 1942 wurden große Pläne geschmiedet (damals schon in Verbindung mit einer Besetzung der Ukraine S. 215-6). Das nachwirkende Trauma besteht wohl neben den vielfach beschriebenen direkten Kriegsverletzungen auch in dem Zerborsten der euphorisierten Zukunftsträume der Kriegsgenerationen aller Altersklassen. Aus Kindheitsträumen wurden offensichtliche Illusionen oder gar tiefsitzende, externalisierte Enttäuschungen. Verdrängte Schuldfragen und Wahrheitsverweigerungen mussten über Jahre aufgearbeitet werden. Die abgekürzte Entnazifizierung hat die Länge der Schatten innerhalb der Gesellschaft und der Familien nur vergrößert. Halbschatten ist eben nur halb im Schatten und schon halb im Licht. Bildquelle: http://didaktik.physik.hu-berlin.de/material/forschung/optik/anfangsoptik/schatten.htm
